The
soil scientist work is to determine how suitable is the land for the
purpose of which is going to be used for. They check the strength, ph
content and gives report on the effects of building on such lands. They
are important indeed to avoid settlement of land due to weight of
building in the future. They use different ways to investigate soil
conditions. For simple residential buildings on reasonable sites digging
several holes about three spits deep, drilling holes up to 2 or 21/2m
deep with a hand auger or driving a pointed steel bar about 1 1/2m into
the ground are generally sufficient.
With larger buildings or more
difficult sites, the following methods are applicable. (i)Excavating
trial holes about 1 1/2m deep deep outside the perimeter of the
building. (ii)Drilling boreholes by percussion or rotary methods. The
percussion method uses a steel bit with a chisel point screwed to a
steel rod.
The rotary method employs a hollow rod with a rotating bit
and a core of strata is forced back up the hollow rod. (iii)Load testing
often using a reinforced concrete slab about 1.20 to 1.50m2 and 300mm
thick, to which loads are added at about 2 hour intervals and the amount
of settlement is determined with a level .The safe bearing capacity of
the soil is found by dividing half the load applied prior to appreciable
settlement into the area of slab. | 
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