The government's Builders Finance Fund (BFF), launched in April 2014, aimed to "unlock" hundreds of housing projects stalled by the economic slowdown.
But just two projects have so far benefited from the fund which ends in March 2017.
The government said there had been "high levels" of interest from builders and "many" schemes would get funding.
The government has set a target of building one million homes by 2020 after a number of years in which targets have been missed.
Initiatives include BFF which offers loans to builders with planning permission for between 15 and 250 homes.
When it was launched, the government called it a "key part" of its long-term economic plan.
"Work
on nearly 13,000 homes stalled by the 2008 housing crash are set to be
restarted thanks to half a billion of government investment," the Homes
and Communities Agency (HCA) said in September last year when it announced 160 schemes had been shortlisted for funding.
But a response to a BBC Freedom of Information request the HCA
revealed only two schemes, in Cornwall and Essex, have benefited so far:
- Poltair Developments has been offered £1,869,046 for its Trecerus Farm project near Padstow, of which £659,522 has been drawn down.
- The full offer of £400,000 has been lent to Hallmark Developments for its Priory Hall project near Braintree.
Rico Wojtulewicz, policy advisor for the House Builders'
Association, said builders had doubts over the fund's viability or found
the rules too complicated.
"The government stated that the fund
would bring 13,000 new homes but that has clearly not been the case over
the past year," he said.
"More attention should be put into how to increase take-up."
Sarah McOnagle, of the Federation of Master Builders, said: "We are disappointed that take-up is so low.
"We want to work and try to change it and make it more simple to access."
Norman
Ewen, finance director of Hallmark Developments, said the funding would
make 20 homes ready by Spring 2016, a year earlier than without the
funding.
He added: "We totally underestimated the complexities of
the loan security arrangements and also how long it would take for the
lawyers to all agree on the wording of the various documents."
Poltair Developments director Ron Ley said the BFF loan had led to the building of 22 homes on the Padstow site.
"The
fund is about delivering the houses that the country desperately needs
and the HCA led us through the process extremely well," he said.
"But
building more houses is not just about funding - it's also about
tackling the very long planning process and the numerous conditions
associated with it."
An HCA spokeswoman said: "We are supporting
the government's objective to get Britain building again, and deliver
thousands of new homes for hard working families including affordable
homes.
"The Builders Finance Fund is an important part of this."
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